Verb
ENGLISH COACHING CENTER
Based on JAC BSEB CBSE
ICSE SKMU and TMBU
Basic English Grammar
Verb In Grammar (परिभाषा और प्रकार)
क्रिया (Verb):- Verb
वह शब्द है, जिस से किसी के कार्य-व्यापर, अधिकार, संबंध या अवस्था का बोध होता है। जैसे:-
Laugh, eat, go, run, play, an, is, are, can, could, shall, will,
etc
Verb: - A verb is a word which denotes
an action, Possession, relation or a state of being. As:-
Laugh, eat, go, run, play, an, is, are, can, could, shall, will,
etc
Verb is
a kind of word (part of speech) that tells about an action or
a state. It is the main part of a sentence: every sentence has a
verb. In English, verbs are the only kind of word that changes to
show past or present tense.
Kinds Of Verb (Verb के भेद)
Verb को दो भागों में बाँटा गया है।
(1) Principal Verb Or Main Verb (प्रधान या मुख्य क्रिया)
(2) Auxiliary Verb Or Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया)
(1) Principal Verb Or Main Verb(प्रधान या मुख्य क्रिया):-जो Verb वाक्य में मुख्य काम करता है, उसे
Principal Verb कहते हैं। जैसे:-
I play. You are eating. They have eaten. He is going. He is a boy.
Principal Verb Or Main Verb:- A
verb that does main work in a sentence is called the Principal or Main Verb.
As:-
I play. You
are eating. They
have eaten. He
is going. He is a boy.
(जो Verb वाक्य में अकेले या सहायक क्रिया के साथ आती है, वह
Principal या Main Verb कहलाती है।)
(The verb used alone or together with helping
verbs are called main verbs.) As:-
I play.
You are eating.
They have eaten.
He is going. He is a boy.
Principle Verb Or Main Verb के प्रकार
Main Verb दो प्रकार के
होते हैं:-
(1) Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया)
(2) Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया)
(1)
Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया):- जिन क्रियाओं के बाद Object (कर्म) का प्रयोग होता है, उन्हें Transitive Verb कहते हैं।
(1) Transitive
Verb:è The verb used with an object is called Transitive Verb. As:-
He reads a book. He knows me.
You write a letter. I like this pen. Rekha sings a song.
उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में Reads knows, write, like, sings, main verbs हैं। ये सभी Transitive Verbs हैं, क्योंकि इनके बाद Objects a book, me, a letter, this pen, a song हैं।
Note:- Verb के साथ What या Whom लगा कर प्रश्न
करने पर जो उत्तर मिलता है उसे Object कहते हैं। यदि
उत्तर न मिले तो वाक्य में Object नहीं होगा।
(2) Intransitive
Verb (अकर्मक
क्रिया) Verb In Grammar
Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया):è जिन क्रियाओं के
बाद कर्म (Object) का प्रयोग नहीं
हो,
उन्हें Intransitive
Verb कहते हैं।
Intransitive Verb:- The verb
used without an object is called Intransitive Verb. As:-
The boy runs. She weeps
loudly. Radha is sleeping. They laughed at her. We went on foot.
उपर्युक्त सभी वाक्यों में Verbs के साथ What या Whom का प्रश्न करने पर उत्तर कुछ भी प्राप्त नहीं होता है। अतः
इन वाक्यों में Object नहीं है। Objects प्रायः Noun या Pronoun होते हैं। अतः उपर्युक्त सभी Verbs runs, weeps, sleeping, laughed तथा went Intransitive Verbs हैं।
अनेक क्रियाएँ Transitive तथा Intransitive दोनों रूपों में प्रयुक्त होती हैं। जैसे:-
Transitive———————–Intransitive
We fly kites.———————–Birds
fly.
Disolve sugar in water.—Sugar
desolves in water.
The peon rings the bell.———The
bell rings.
(3)
Auxiliary Verb Or
Helping Verb (सहायक
क्रिया)
Auxiliary
Verb Or Helping Verb (सहायक क्रिया):è जो Verb tense, voice, mood आदि के निर्माण
में प्रधान क्रिया की सहायता करती है, वह Helping Verb कहलाती है।
Helping
Verb:- A helping verb is one which helps the main verb to form a tense, voice,
mood, etc.
Auxiliary verb 24 हैं।
Am, is, was,
were, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, will, can, could, may, might, must,
ought, should, would, need, dare, used to.
इनमें am, is, are,
was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, need और dare ऐसे Verb हैं जो कभी Main Verb की तरह प्रयुक्त होते हैं तो कभी Helping Verb की तरह, जैसे:-
(a) He is ready. (is–Main
Verb) (b) He is going. (is–Helping Verb)
© He did not do this? (did—-Helping
Verb) (d) He did This. (did—Main Verb)
Note: 1. यदि किसी वाक्य
में एक ही क्रिया हो, तो वह क्रिया मैं वर्ब कहलाएगी। जैसे:-
(a) I have a dog. (have—Main Verb) (b) He is a boy. (is—Main Verb)
Note: 1. यदि किसी वाक्य
में दो या दो से अधिक Verbs एक साथ प्रयुक्त
हों, तो सबसे अंत में आने वाला Verb Main
Verb कहलाएगा और अन्य Verbs
Helping Verbs. जैसे:-
(a) I have been reading.
(have–Helping Verb, been—Helping Verb, reading—Main Verb)
(b) I have been a teacher. (have—Helping Verb, been—Main Verb)
By Manoj Sir
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